Cracking the Code of Life
1. Instructions for a Human Being
There are scientist all over the world that research the most littlest instructions of DNA. DNA is such a powerful molecule. DNA somes up everything in human beings and living organism. DNA is a humans genetics. DNA holds the information that conceals the complete set of the process that requires to assemble, maintain, and reproduce every human being and living organism.
2. Getting the Letters Out
Genome is all of the living things in genetics, which is in DNA. While, scientist are researching about DNA, they wonder a lot of what they can find in human begins DNA. Who's DNA will they find cancer in? Who will have arthritis? Will these have any cures? Will parents determine their kids DNA genetics? Scientist try to find reason whys all these things could happen is someones DNA. They use technology to find these type of things in DNA. Without technology, there would be no way to find out these things. They need really scientific technology to make things easier.
3. One Wrong Letter
Tay Sachs is something a baby is born with. That's the only time you'll get it, is if you're born with it. It is a disease that damages the baby's brain. There is no cure at all. It is in their genes, which is in their DNA. You can't remove someone's DNA. The baby will eventually pass away when their around 5. They don't live too long. The carrier means to hold. In this case there's a carrie in humans body that holds their genetics of DNA.
4. The Sequencing Race Begins
Automated DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing subtracts the volume of low-level radioactive waste generated on campus. Although, providing a relevant alternative to manual DNA sequencing. Traditional methods of manual DNA sequencing utilize radioactive isotopes to label DNA. Automated DNA sequencing utilizes fluorescent tracers rather then radioisotopes to label the DNA. This gets ride of eliminating or significantly reducing the benefit of radioactive materials in some research laboratories. The role of Celera Genomics in the HGP is an universal scientific research project with a immediate goal. The goal is to complete the sequence of chemical base pairs that make human beings and living organisms DNA, to identify, and map all genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional angel.
5. Ramping Up
The Congress started financing for the HGP, in 1990. The project would cost about a total of $3 billion, but it ended up costing less than Congress thought. It was about $2.7 billion in FY 1991 dollars. Plus, the HGP project is being completed 2 years in advance of schedule.
6. Genetic Variation
The HGP shares that human genome is made up of 3 billion genomes. There is a 99.9% os similarity genomes in all human beings. That is 2 billion nine hundred and ninety seven million. This means, in any human beings, nucleotides are exactly the same. The left over 0.1% is 3 million of 3 billion. There could still be room for 3 million of different nucleotides between humans. Us humans have 50% of the same genes as bananas. Scientists discovered this because of the HGP. Obviously, us humans and a banana come from the same family tree. We have all the machinery to replicate and take over the cell cycle for making nutrients. There are also many other comparisons with genes. We share 60% of genes with a Fruit Fly, 75% with a mouse, and 80% with a cow.
7. Who Owns the Genome?
There are many disagreements about patenting the genomic code. Some say, that patents with a specific genomic code could be a studied and maybe discover a cure for the worst diseases. Others say, that it'll be difficult to find a cure with a specific genomic code. There are drug companies that have spent thousands of dollars just to patent the code for seen genetic diseases.
8. The Business of Science
Drugs companies are the ones "profiting" from the genome. Some recent changes are that people become more ethical. This happens because they realize the consequences of life.
9. Finding Cures is Hard
Cystic fibrosis, or mucoviscidosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine. It's characterized by divergent transport of chloride and sodium across anephithelium. This leads to solid, viscous secretions. Genes have the information needed to make functional molecules, which are proteins. Gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled inner each cell. It has two major steps, which are transcription and translation. They are known as a gene expression together. The 3-dimensional structure of a protein affects its function because it explains its process and tells the other proteins its process. This is how they recognize and do their task.
10. Complexity in Proteins
A proteome is the whole complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.
11. The Finish Line
The new beginning of science is to comprehend all the attributes and processes of DNA and protein's that are in human beings.
12. Finding Disease Genes
To identify a gene trait like baldness you have to have a certain process. You use a person with hair and another person without hair. You compare their DNA's letter code and find what differs from their DNA genes. Iceland is an area where everyone is related. The population being so small that everyone has similar DNA letter code. The use of DeCODE's giant DNA database is to find genes that cause diseases.
13. DNA Databases
GATTACA is actually a movie about human beings DNA. It describes how DNA is an open book. When each person
is born, their DNA is known. They know everything about it and anything that would be wrong with it. A gene
chip is a very small dot of DNA that comes from babies. Each chip can support 80,000 different DNA tests. One
single chip can test thousands of babies checking if they have any diseases. This will help find any problems
with babies before it's too late.
14. A Family Disease
The mutations BRCA1 and 2 are genes that all humans have. There are some families that have a mutation within
these genes. This willcause diseases.
15. Genetic Modification
Something positive on enhancing your children are that they mostly likely won't have any diseases, but
something negative is that they might dislike the enhancements. Genetically modified foods safety does not
sound safe at all. I personally think it'll be unhealthy for any of us humans bodies. A concern about GMO is that it
can cause heath problems. This can happen because of the toxins and genetic messing up a humans DNA.
16. Contemplating the Message
The government owns the Genome.
There are scientist all over the world that research the most littlest instructions of DNA. DNA is such a powerful molecule. DNA somes up everything in human beings and living organism. DNA is a humans genetics. DNA holds the information that conceals the complete set of the process that requires to assemble, maintain, and reproduce every human being and living organism.
2. Getting the Letters Out
Genome is all of the living things in genetics, which is in DNA. While, scientist are researching about DNA, they wonder a lot of what they can find in human begins DNA. Who's DNA will they find cancer in? Who will have arthritis? Will these have any cures? Will parents determine their kids DNA genetics? Scientist try to find reason whys all these things could happen is someones DNA. They use technology to find these type of things in DNA. Without technology, there would be no way to find out these things. They need really scientific technology to make things easier.
3. One Wrong Letter
Tay Sachs is something a baby is born with. That's the only time you'll get it, is if you're born with it. It is a disease that damages the baby's brain. There is no cure at all. It is in their genes, which is in their DNA. You can't remove someone's DNA. The baby will eventually pass away when their around 5. They don't live too long. The carrier means to hold. In this case there's a carrie in humans body that holds their genetics of DNA.
4. The Sequencing Race Begins
Automated DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid sequencing subtracts the volume of low-level radioactive waste generated on campus. Although, providing a relevant alternative to manual DNA sequencing. Traditional methods of manual DNA sequencing utilize radioactive isotopes to label DNA. Automated DNA sequencing utilizes fluorescent tracers rather then radioisotopes to label the DNA. This gets ride of eliminating or significantly reducing the benefit of radioactive materials in some research laboratories. The role of Celera Genomics in the HGP is an universal scientific research project with a immediate goal. The goal is to complete the sequence of chemical base pairs that make human beings and living organisms DNA, to identify, and map all genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional angel.
5. Ramping Up
The Congress started financing for the HGP, in 1990. The project would cost about a total of $3 billion, but it ended up costing less than Congress thought. It was about $2.7 billion in FY 1991 dollars. Plus, the HGP project is being completed 2 years in advance of schedule.
6. Genetic Variation
The HGP shares that human genome is made up of 3 billion genomes. There is a 99.9% os similarity genomes in all human beings. That is 2 billion nine hundred and ninety seven million. This means, in any human beings, nucleotides are exactly the same. The left over 0.1% is 3 million of 3 billion. There could still be room for 3 million of different nucleotides between humans. Us humans have 50% of the same genes as bananas. Scientists discovered this because of the HGP. Obviously, us humans and a banana come from the same family tree. We have all the machinery to replicate and take over the cell cycle for making nutrients. There are also many other comparisons with genes. We share 60% of genes with a Fruit Fly, 75% with a mouse, and 80% with a cow.
7. Who Owns the Genome?
There are many disagreements about patenting the genomic code. Some say, that patents with a specific genomic code could be a studied and maybe discover a cure for the worst diseases. Others say, that it'll be difficult to find a cure with a specific genomic code. There are drug companies that have spent thousands of dollars just to patent the code for seen genetic diseases.
8. The Business of Science
Drugs companies are the ones "profiting" from the genome. Some recent changes are that people become more ethical. This happens because they realize the consequences of life.
9. Finding Cures is Hard
Cystic fibrosis, or mucoviscidosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestine. It's characterized by divergent transport of chloride and sodium across anephithelium. This leads to solid, viscous secretions. Genes have the information needed to make functional molecules, which are proteins. Gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled inner each cell. It has two major steps, which are transcription and translation. They are known as a gene expression together. The 3-dimensional structure of a protein affects its function because it explains its process and tells the other proteins its process. This is how they recognize and do their task.
10. Complexity in Proteins
A proteome is the whole complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.
11. The Finish Line
The new beginning of science is to comprehend all the attributes and processes of DNA and protein's that are in human beings.
12. Finding Disease Genes
To identify a gene trait like baldness you have to have a certain process. You use a person with hair and another person without hair. You compare their DNA's letter code and find what differs from their DNA genes. Iceland is an area where everyone is related. The population being so small that everyone has similar DNA letter code. The use of DeCODE's giant DNA database is to find genes that cause diseases.
13. DNA Databases
GATTACA is actually a movie about human beings DNA. It describes how DNA is an open book. When each person
is born, their DNA is known. They know everything about it and anything that would be wrong with it. A gene
chip is a very small dot of DNA that comes from babies. Each chip can support 80,000 different DNA tests. One
single chip can test thousands of babies checking if they have any diseases. This will help find any problems
with babies before it's too late.
14. A Family Disease
The mutations BRCA1 and 2 are genes that all humans have. There are some families that have a mutation within
these genes. This willcause diseases.
15. Genetic Modification
Something positive on enhancing your children are that they mostly likely won't have any diseases, but
something negative is that they might dislike the enhancements. Genetically modified foods safety does not
sound safe at all. I personally think it'll be unhealthy for any of us humans bodies. A concern about GMO is that it
can cause heath problems. This can happen because of the toxins and genetic messing up a humans DNA.
16. Contemplating the Message
The government owns the Genome.